Reversing-gear for motors with valve-gear worked by cams and levers



R. GUYOT-SIONNEST. REVERSING GEAR FOR MOTORS WITH VALVE GEAR WORKED BYCAMS AND LEVERS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12, 1918. 1,341,368, Patented May 25, 1920 2SHEETS$HEET l- R.-GUYOT-SIONNEST.

REVERSING GEAR FOR MOTORS WITH VALVE GEAR WORKED BY CAMS AND LEVERS.APPLICATION FILED JUNE I2. 1918.

1,341,368, Patented May 25, 1-920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- oNi-r r. ra-

i1 f E RENE euvor-sroivnns'r,or rARIs, FRANCE, assrenon r0 socfii'rE:ons ANCIENS nrABLIssEMEnrswnYHEn nr RIGHElvIOND, or EANTIN, rnnncn, ACORPO- RATION OF FRANCE REVERSING-GEAR FOB MOTORS WITH VALVE-GEARWORKEDBY CAMS AND LEVERS."

Application filed June 12, 1918.

I '0 all whom it may concern:

- Be it known that I RENE GoYor-SIoN- Nnsr, of 95 Rue Jouifroy, atParis, Department of the Seine, France, citizen of the French Republic,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reversing-Gear forMotors with Valve-Gear /Vorked by Cams and Levers; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichitappertains to make and use the same.

The object of this invention is to effect improvements in devices whichpermit of direct modification of the direction of motion of motors andparticularly of explosion or internal combustion motors in which thedistribution is effected by cams or eccentrics and levers.

The majority of devices in use consist either in longitudinally moving asingle shaft carrying forward and backward gear cams, or in providingtwo shafts carrying respectively the two setsof cams and adapted toreplace each other. The first of these systems has the disadvantage ofnecessitating before the shaft is moved the lifting of the rollers whichoppose this movement and the second necessitates avery delicateadjustment and the presence of heavy parts which take up much space.

The improved arrangement, the, Lugt s stem which forms the subjectmatter of this invention, isfree from these disadvantages. Thisarrangement is characterized by the mounting of the two sets of cams,intended for forward and backward gear, upon a single shaft whichneither moves lonitudinally nor laterally, the intermediate feversoscillating about their axis of oscillation which are not parallel tothe axis of the cam shaft and the one or the other of the sets of camsare set in operation by a movement of their axis of oscillation.

In the accompanying drawing is represented by way of example theapplication of Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 25', 1920.

Serial No. 239,648.

the application of the improved arrangement to the operation of a fourstroke cycle Diesel motor.

The operation of the suction and exhaust valves is effected by means oftwo levers 3, 3 of identical construction and operation. Only one ofthem will therefore be described.

1, (see Fig. 2) is the rod of one of the suction or exhaust valvessupposed to be vertical, 2 is the cam shaft, the axis of which ishorizontal and 3 is the operating lever. This lever turns on aneccentric 4 which is keyed on a shaft 5; the axis of the eccentric l isnot parallel to the axis of the shaft 5 and may or may not meet it. Theinclination of the axis has been slightly exaggerated in the drawingsfor the sake of greater clearness. One end of the lever 3 bears by ascrew 6 on the rod 1, the contact being maintained by a spring 7; theother end carries a roller 8 which is worked by a cam 9 mounted on thecam shaft 2 and which represents the forward gear cam.

To change the direction ofmovement, the shaft 5 is made to rotate half arevolution, while causing it to advance a certain amount by the aid ofthe arrangement shown in Fig. 1, and which comprises an operating shaft33 at right angles to the shaft 5. The shaft receives its motion from atrain of gears suitably calculated so that the force to be employedshall not be too great and carries two cranks 34 and a toothed conicalwheel 35. Upon the shaft 5 is mounted a collar 36 having two trunnions36which are connected to the tangs of the cranks 34: by connecting rods37. A conical wheel 38 is mounted upon the shaft 5 which it rotates by akey 39 and is yet able to slide longitudinally thereon. When the shaft33 is caused to make half a revolution, the shaft 5 also makes half arevolution and moves forward under the action of the connecting rods 37.The lever 3 then assumes the position 3 indicated by dotted lines. Thescrew 10 takes the place of the screw 6 and bears on the valve rod 1,while the roller 8 is worked by the cam 11. which is the backward gearcam. During this movement the center of the eccentric 4c about which thelever 3 turns is raised, as the end of the lever placed beside the valvealways tends to descend by the action of the spring 7, the other end,and consequently the roller, have followed the rising movement. Themovement of translation has therefore been able to produce itselfwhatever be the position of the cam shaft 2, without the roller 8touching the cams. It is only in the latter part of the movement thatthe roller comes to rest on the new cam.

Fig. 3 shows in elevation the lever used for working the fuel needle ofthe Diesel motor; 12 is the valve rod supposed to be vertical andopening upward as in the majority of Diesel motors; 13 and 14: are theforward and backward gear cams keyed on the common shaft 2 for all thecams. 15 is the operating lever carrying at one end the roller 16 workedby the forward and backward gear cams and at the other end the tworegulating screws 17 and 18. 15 is the position of this cam lever(indicated by dotted lines) in the case of backward gear. 19 is anintermediate piece turning about the shaft 20 and adapted to receive thedownward movement of the screws 17 and 18, and transmit it to the rod 12transforming it into an upward movement. 21 represents the eccentrickeyed on the shaft 5, oblique with respect to this shaft, mounted in thesame way as the eccentric and about which turns the lever 15. Themovement is effected as previously described, the roller rises, movesand after having quitted the forward gear cam places itself on thebackward gear cam; the screw 18 takes theplace of the screw 17, thepositions of these two screws being chosen in such a way that the heightof elevation of the valve is the same in both forward and backwardgears.

Figs. 1 and 4 show finally the method of operation which may be used forthe starting valve. 22 is the rod of the valve and 23 is a cam keyed onthe shaft 5 the object of which will be described hereafter. A lever 2Arotates freely about the shaft 5 but is carried along in the movement oftrans lation of this shaft in such a way that the roller 25 fixed to itsend is brought successively opposite the cams 26 and 27 for forward andbackward gear. A spring 28 tends to keep the roller raised. Below thelever 24 is hung by a rod 29 the double lever 30 which bears on theother hand on the valve rod 22. At the center of this lever 30 is arotating shaft 31 which is adapted to bear upon the projecting parts 32and 32 i of the cam 23. This shaft 31 serves as an axis of oscillationto the lever 30. This shaft 31 is not parallel to the axis of the camshaft and is capable of taking up two different positions ashereinbefore stated.

As long as the shaft 31 does not touch the projecting parts, all themovable part of the system is kept raised by the spring 28 and theroller 25 is not touched by the starting cams. The valve consequentlyremains at rest. When the shaft 5 in its rotation assumes such aposition that the shaft 31 touches one of the projecting parts 32 and 32the roller 25 is drawn down onto its cam and the valve obeys thislatter. This corresponds to the starting position which is representedin Fig. 4C. The keying of the cam 23 on the shaft 5 is such that thisstarting position is obtained at each change of ment, the axis ofrotation of the operating lever 15 of the fuel needle has not yet takenup its fuel position and consequent upon the low height of thecorresponding cam the valve remains at rest and the introduction of thefuel into the cylinder is able to take place. On the other hand byvirtue of large dimensions of the suction and exhaust cams and althoughthe axis of rotation of the lever 31 has not yet attained its runningposition these latter valves may be raised by their cams at points onthe stroke of the piston which differ but little from those fixed by theadjustment diagram of the valve gear. The working for passing fromforward to backward gear or vice versa consists therefore simply incausing the operating shaft 33 to rotate through an angle slightly. lessthan half a revolution, so as to place the motor in the startingposition. As soon as the motor has picked up its speed, it will sufficeto slightly turn the shaft 33 so as to cause it to finish its rotationof half a revolution; the motor will therefore be in its startingposition.

If the number of cylinders is at least six and if the starting cams areof suitable size the motor will start in any position what-' soever ofthe crank shaft. In any case for motors with three or fourcylinders, itwill often be necessary to turn the motor to put it into a position forstarting.

By means of a slight modification, motors having starting valvesoperated as hereinbefore described may easily be brought into a startingposition without being turned by hand and without any special apparatus,by the simple introduction of compressed air into one of the cylinders.

When the motor is stopped in a position in which direct starting isimpossible, one of the pistons is always on the suction period. Itsuflices to keep the suction valves and the exhaust valves closed and toadmit air under pressure above this piston to bring it to its lowestdead point. position of the motor one piston is located in such aposition that starting is now possible. To this end, the disks 23 (seeIn this new Fig. l) are each provided with a complementary projectingpart which is adapted to touch the shaft 31 and which is placed at sucha point that when this contact takes place the shaft 5 has passed overabout half its movement of translation, the roller 25 being against thecams 26 and 27 on the other hand, a special cam placed on the cam shaftbetween the cams 26 and 27 is so shaped that its projecting parts areopposite the roller 25 when the corresponding cylinder is in a positionwhich corresponds to the suction period.

It will suffice therefore to turn the shaft 5 by hand, the compressedair cock being opened previously; if one of the cylinders is in thedesired position, the projecting part 40 which corresponds will touchthe shaft 31 at the same time as the roller 25 will be opposite aprojecting part of the intermediate cam ll; the starting valve will thusbe raised, the air introduced into the cylinder and the motor willcommence to turn and be brought into a suitable position for starting.The arrangement described avoids all false working and the air cannot beintroduced into a cylinder if this latter is not in the desiredposition. Before starting the cylinder being thus filled with air underpressure must be emptied of this air; this can be effected by a specialvalve also worked by the shaft 5 or by any other means.

The arrangements above described are of great simplicity of constructionand operation, and can be applied without important modification to alltypes of motors.

Claims:

1. The combination with a valve, of a shaft having a pair of camsthereon, an oscillatory lever, one end of which lever engages the valveand the other end of which is adapted to engage either of the cams, theaxis of oscillation of the lever being disposed obliquely to the axis ofthe shaft, and means for reversing the angularity of the lever to shiftthe .cam engaging end thereof from one to the other of the cams.

2. The combination with a valve, of a shaft having rotative movementonly, a pair of cams mounted on said shaft, a lever sup porting shaft, alever mounted on said last mentioned shaft, one end of the lever beingadapted to' engage the valve and the other end to engage either of theearns, the axis of oscillation of the lever being oblique to the axis ofthe last mentioned shaft, and means for reversing the angularity of thelever, so that the cam-engaging end of the lever is shifted from one tothe other of the cams.

3. The combination with a valve, of a shaft having a pair of camsthereon, a lever supporting shaft mounted for rotative and longitudinalmovements, an eccentric secured to said shaft, a lever mounted on saideccentric as a bearing, said shaft passing through said eccentricobliquely-to the axis of oscillation of the lever, and means forrotating and longitudinally advancing the lever supporting shaft toshift the cam engaging end of the lever from one to the other of thecams,

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

RENE GUYOT-SIONNEST.

Witnesses FRANoIsoo JOURNET, CHAs. P. PRESSLY.

